< Heracles >
1 Introduction
Diodorus states that there were three people called Heracles in the ancient world.
In other words, there were two people called Heracles before Heracles, the son of Amphitryon and Alcmena.
The 2nd century AD historian, Tacitus, states that Egyptian Heracles was the first to receive the title Heracles.
That Heracles was Maceris, also called Phoenician Heracles.
The other was Acmon (or Celmis, Damnameneus), called Idaean Heracles.
Here, I will write about Heracles, the son of Amphitryon.
2 Origin
In 1275 BC, Heracles was born in Thebes of Boeotia.
Heracles's father was Amphitryon.
Heracles's mother was Alcmena.
Heracles's real name was Alcides or Alcaeus.
3 Family
Heracles had many children from many women.
However, Heracles only officially married two of them.
3.1 Megara
In 1255 BC, Heracles married Megara, who lived in Thebes.
Megara was the daughter of Creon, brother of Hipponome, mother of Amphitryon, father of Heracles.
Heracles and Megara had three sons, Therimachus, Deicoon, and Creontiades.
In 1251 BC, Heracles lost his sons in an unfortunate incident and divorced Megara.
3.2 Deianeira
In 1238 BC, Heracles married Deianeira, the daughter of Oeneus, who lived in Calydon.
Heracles and Deianeira had four sons, Hyllus, Ctesippus, Gleneus (or Glenus), Hodites (or Onites, Odites), and a daughter, Macaria.
4 Biography
In 1275 BC, Heracles was born in Thebes of Boeotia.
In 1251 BC, Heracles migrated from Thebes to Tiryns.
In 1248 BC, Heracles lived in Lydia for three years.
In 1245 BC, Heracles returned from Lydia to Tiryns.
In 1243 BC, Heracles migrated from Tiryns to Pheneus in Arcadia.
In 1238 BC, Heracles migrated from Pheneus to Calydon in Aetolia.
In 1235 BC, Heracles migrated from Calydon to Trachis near Mount Oeta.
In 1223 BC, Heracles died in Trachis.
Heracles was 52 years old.
< Hellen, son of Pronous >
1 Origin
Hellen was born in 1400 BC in the land (later Cynus) at the eastern edge of Epicnemidian Locris.
Hellen's father was Pronous, son of Deucalion.
2 Family
Hellen had a son, Neonus.
3 Others
In 1390 BC, Hellen emigrated to Phthia in Thessaly with his father Pronous.
Dotus, the son of Neonus, son of Hellen, was the godfather of the plain of Dotium in Thessaly.
< Hippotas, son of Phylas >
1 Origin
In 1150 BC, Hippotas was born in Alopece of Attica.
Hippotas's father was Phylas.
Hippotas's mother was Leipephilene (or Leipephile).
2 Family
Hippotas had a son, Aletes.
3 Others
In 1115 BC, Hippotas participated in the return to Peloponnesus as one of the Heracleidae.
However, Hippotas was exiled for 10 years for murdering the prophet Carnus in Naupactus of Ozolian Locris.
< Hippothoon, son of Alope >
1 Origin
In 1260 BC, Hippothoon was born in Athens.
Hippothoon's mother was Alope, daughter of Cercyon.
Alope's tomb was in Eleusis.
2 Other
Rarus, the father of Cercyon, is thought to be a descendant of Crocon, who first settled in the Athenian lands across the Rheiti River from the Eleusinian lands.
Hippothoon was one of the eponyms of the 10 tribes of Athens.
The Hippothontis, who were descended from Hippothoon, lived in the area around the port of Peiraeus.
< Helenus, son of Priam >
1 Origin
In 1213 BC, Helenus was born in Ilium of Troad.
Helenus's father was Priam.
Helenus's mother was Hecuba (or Hecabe).
Helenus and his sister Cassandra (or Alexandra) were twins.
2 Family
Helenus married Andromache.
Helenus and Andromache had a son, Cestrinus.
3 Others
3.1 Emigration to the land of the Molossians
In 1188 BC, Ilium, where Helenus lived, was attacked and occupied by the sons of Antenor.
The sons of Priam, who had been expelled from Ilium, asked the Achaeans for reinforcements and tried to retake the town.
In 1186 BC, Hector and the leaders of the Achaeans were killed in a battle with the sons of Antenor.
Helenus, together with Hector's wife Andromache and the sons of Hector, emigrated to the land of the Molossians, led by Neoptolemus, son of Achilles.
3.2 Founding of Buthrotum
Neoptolemus married Andromache.
Helenus moved to the west coast of Dodona and founded Buthrotum.
3.3 Support for Hector's sons
In 1170 BC, when Hector's sons came of age, Helenus gave them an army to attack Ilium.
The core of the army was the Trojans led by Hector's sons.
The Achaeans, including the Myrmidons under Achilles and Neoptolemus, also participated in the expedition.
Hector's sons gathered the descendants of Priam, who were scattered in various places, and added them to their forces to recapture Ilium from the sons of Antenor.
3.4 Successors
In 1156 BC, when Helenus died, he summoned Neoptolemus' son Molossus to Buthrotum to succeed him.
Helenus chose Molossus as his successor rather than his own son Cestrinus, presumably because the Trojans who had followed Helenus returned to Ilium with the sons of Hector.
Helenus' son Cestrinus emigrated to the vicinity of Ephyra in Thesprotia.
< Hodoedocus, son of Cynus >
1 Origin
Hodoedocus (or Odoedocus) was born in Antheia near Thermopylae in 1285 BC.
Hodoedocus' father was Cynus, the son of Opus.
2 Family
Hodoedocus had a son, Oileus (or Oeleus).
Oileus' mother was Agrianome, daughter of Perseon.
Hodoedocus had a son, Calliarus.
Calliarus' mother was Laonome.
3 Others
In 1262 BC, Hodoedocus moved from Antheia to Opus, which had been founded by his grandfather.
In 1260 BC, Hodoedocus moved to Cynus, which had been founded by his father, and succeeded his father.
In 1256 BC, the Thebans fought and defeated the Minyans, and the power of Thebes grew stronger.
Hodoedocus is thought to have migrated to a region between Cynus and Antheia and founded Narycus.
The founding of Narycus is thought to have occurred at the same time that the power of Thebes grew and Larymna, which had been part of Opus, became part of Boeotia.
The residence of the rulers of Epicnemidian Locris changed depending on the surrounding situation.
< Helle, daughter of Athamas >
1 Origin
Helle was born in Halus, Thessaly, in 1405 BC.
Helle's father was Athamas, son of Aeolus.
2 Others
In 1390 BC, a huge tsunami in the Aegean Sea wiped out Halus, on the western shore of the Pagasetic Gulf. [Strabo.9.5.8]
Helle and her family emigrated to Boeotia.
Helle then joined a colony led by Aeetes, son of Sisyphus, who was leaving Ephyra (later Corinth) with her brother Phrixus.
Helle died while sailing through the strait between the Thracian Chersonesus and the Troad.
Helle was buried in Agora (near Cardia) in the Thracian Chersonesus.
The strait through which Helle died became known as the Hellespont after her name.
< Hyperes, son of Melas >
1 Origin
In 1369 BC, Hyperes was born in Acraephnium in Boeotia.
Hyperes' father was Melas, son of Phrixus.
Hyperes' mother was Eurycleia, daughter of Athamas.
2 Others
Hyperes gave his name to the Hypereia spring in the center of Pherae in Thessaly.
Pherae was located about 26 km north-northwest of Halus, which was founded by Hyperes' grandfather Athamas.
< Herse, daughter of Cecrops >
1 Origin
Herse was born in Sais in the Nile Delta in Egypt in 1578 BC.
Herse's father was Cecrops, the first king of Athens.
2 Family
Herse had a son, Cephalus.
3 Others
In 1562 BC, Herse married a local man in Tyre, Phoenicia, when Cecrops was returning from Egypt to Greece.
Sandocus, the son of Astynous, the son of Phaethon, the son of Tithonus, the son of Cephalus, the son of Herse, migrated from Syria to Cilicia and founded Celenderis.
< Hephaestus, father of Erichthonius >
1 Origin
Hephaestus was born in 1535 BC in Cecropia (later Athens).
Hephaestus was probably the name of a god, and his human name is unknown.
It is assumed that Hephaestus' father was Erysichthon, the son of Cecrops, the first king of Athens, for the following reasons.
Cranaus, the second king of Athens, had a son Rharus and a grandson Celeus who could have succeeded him, but Erichthonius, the son of his daughter Atthis, became king of Athens.
This is thought to be because Erichthonius was in the lineage of Cecrops, the first king of Athens.
In other words, it is assumed that Erichthonius' father Hephaestus was the son of Erysichthon, the son of Cecrops.
2 Family
Hephaestus married Atthis, the daughter of Cranaus, the second king of Athens.
Hephaestus and Atthis had a son, Erichthonius.
3 Others
In 1511 BC, Cecrops, the first king of Athens, died.
Cranaus, not Hephaestus, became the second king of Athens.
Either because of Cranaus' usurpation of the throne or due to other circumstances, Hephaestus and Atthis fled to Egypt.
< Hecate, daughter of Perses >
1 Origin
Hecate (or Idyia) was born in Tauric Chersonese (now Crimea) in 1315 BC.
Hecate's father was Perses, son of Perseis.
2 Family
Hecate married her father's brother Aeetes.
Hecate had a son Aegialeus.
Hecate had a son Absyrtus.
Hecate had a daughter Medea.
Hecate had a daughter Circe.
< Hippolytus, son of Theseus >
1 Origin
Hippolytus was born in Athens in 1245 BC.
Hippolytus' father was Theseus, the 10th King of Athens.
Hippolytus' mother was Antiope of Amazons.
2 Others
2.1 Emigration to Troezen
In 1241 BC, Hippolytus was entrusted to his grandfather Pittheus of Troezen.
Originally, Theseus was to have succeeded Pittheus. Theseus succeeded Aegeus, making Hippolytus Pittheus' successor.
2.2 Death of Hippolytus
Tradition tells us that Hippolytus died when his chariot overturned.
However, the following facts suggest that Hippolytus, along with Diomedes, was killed in 1205 BC, when he participated in Epigoni's attack on Thebes.
1) There was a shrine garden of Hippolytus founded by Diomedes at Troezen.
2) Hippolytus was a contemporary of Diomedes, one of the Epigoni.
3) At the time of the Trojan War, Troezen was under the control of Diomedes.
< Heraeeus, son of Lycaon >
1 Origin
In 1465 BC, Heraeus was born at Lycosura in Arcadia.
Heraeus' father was Lycaon.
Lycaon was the son of Pelasgus.
2 Family
Heraeus married Sterope, daughter of Orchomenus.
Heraeus and Sterope had a son Oenomaus.
3 Others
In 1450 BC, Heraeus founded Heraea near the confluence of the Alpheius River and the Ladon River flowing in from the north in Arcadia.
< Harmonia, daughter of Coritus >
1 Origins
In 1442 BC, Harmonia was born in Methydrium in Arcadia.
Harmonia's father was Coritus.
Harmonia's mother was Electra, daughter of Orchomenus.
2 Family
Harmonia married Cadmus, son of Agenor.
Cadmus and Harmonia had a son, Polydorus, and four daughters, Semele, Ino, Autonoe, and Agave.
3 Others
In 1430 BC, Harmonia and her brother Dardanus emigrated from Methydrium in Arcadia to Samothrace.
In 1425 BC, Harmonia married Cadmus, son of Agenor, who stayed in Samothrace.
Later, Harmonia and Cadmus settled in Thracia.
In 1420 BC, a tsunami hit the coast of Thracia, where Harmonia had settled, and Harmonia and Cadmus again invaded Boeotia through Thessaly, looking for a place to settle.
Cadmus founded Cadmeia in Boeotia.
In 1390 BC, Harmonia re-migrated with Cadmus to Illyria.
Harmonia died at Buthoe (now Budua) in Illyria and was buried with Cadmus near the Rizous River.
< Hippothous, son of Hippocoon >
1 Origin
Hippothous was born in Sparta in 1280 BC.
Hippothous' father was Hippocoon, son of Oebalus.
2 Others
Hippothous was killed in battle with Heracles in 1239 BC along with his father Hippocoon and other brothers.
< Hippocorystes, son of Hippocoon >
1 Origin
Hippocorystes was born in Sparta in 1280 BC.
Hippocorystes' father was Hippocoon, son of Oebalus.
2 Others
Hippocorystes was killed in battle with Heracles in 1239 BC along with his father Hippocoon and other brothers.
< Hippocoon, son of Oebalus >
1 Origin
Hippocoon was born in Sparta in 1307 BC.
Hippocoon's father was Oebalus.
Hippocoon's mother was Batia.
2 Family
Hippocoon's wife's name is unknown, but he likely had many wives.
Hippocoon had sons Eneasimus, Alcon, and Leucippus.
Hippocoon had a son Eumedes.
Hippocoon had sons Dorycleus (or Dorceus), Scaeus, Eutiches, Bucolus, Lycaethus, Tebrus (or Sebrus), Hippothous, Eurytus, Hippocorystes, and Alcinus (or Alcimus).
Hippocoon had a son Enarophorus (or Enaraephorus).
3 Others
3.1 Tyndareus and Icarius
Hippocoon is said to have banished his brothers, Tyndareus and Icarius.
Hippocoon was, however, a generation older than Tyndareus and Icarius.
Probably, Tyndareus emigrated to Aetolia after the death of his father Oebalus.
Considering Icarius' marriage to Orsilochus' daughter Dorodoche, Icarius probably did not emigrate with Tyndareus, but stayed in Laconia.
Hippocoon was not fighting with Tyndareus or Icarius.
3.2 Death of Hippocoon
In 1239 BC, Hippocoon was attacked by Heracles and killed in battle along with many of his sons.
It is said that the cause of the battle was that Hippocoon sided with Elis when Heracles attacked Elis.
However, the battle between Hippocoon and Heracles took place after Heracles had disbanded his expedition against Elis. In the battle with Hippocoon, Cepheus of Tegea and many of his sons were killed.
The cause of the battle was probably a dispute between Lacedaemon and Tegea, and Heracles led his troops to the aid of Cepheus.
< Hippolytus, father of Deiphobus >
1 Origin
Hippolytus was born in Amyclae in 1320 BC.
Hippolytus' father is presumed to be Cynortas, the son of Amyclas.
2 Family
Hippolytus had a son, Deiphobus.
< Hegesandre, daughter of Amyclas >
1 Origin
Hegesandre was born in Amyclae in 1280 BC.
Hegesandre's father was Amyclas.
Hegesandre's father Amyclas was not the founder of Amyclae, but is thought to have been the son of Amyclas' son Cynortas.
2 Family
Hegesandre married Argeius, son of Pelops.
Argeius and Hegesandre had two sons, Boethous and Alector.
< Hilaira, daughter of Leucippus >
1 Origin
Hilaira (or Hilaeira) was born in Andania, Messenia, in 1263 BC.
Hilaira's father was Leucippus, son of Perieres.
2 Family
Hilaira married Castor, son of Tyndareus.
Hilaira was taken prisoner when Tyndareus attacked Andania.
Hilaira's father Leucippus and Castor's father Tyndareus were half-brothers, and Hilaira and Castor were cousins.
Hilaira and Castor had a son, Anogon (or Anaxis).
3 Others
Hilaira was taken from Andania to Sparta by Castor in 1237 BC.
Hilaira and her sister Phoebe had a sanctuary in Sparta.
< Hippodamas, son of Pleuron >
1 Origin
Hippodamas was born in Pleuron, Aetolia, in 1303 BC.
Hippodamas' father was presumably Pleuron, son of Aetolus. [See Pleuron]
2 Family
Hippodamas had a daughter, Euryte. [Apo.1.7.10]
< Hieromneme, daughter of Simoeis >
1 Origin
Hieromneme was born in Troad in 1410 BC.
Hieromneme's father was Simoeis. [Apo.3.12.2]
Simoeis was a river god, and the name of Astyoche's father as a human is unknown. [Strabo.13.1.31]
2 Family
Hieromneme married Assaracus, son of Tros. [Apo.3.12.2]
Assaracus and Hieromneme had a son, Capys. [Dictys.4.22, Diod.4.75.5, Home.Il.20.220, Ovid.4.19]
< Heleius, son of Pelops >
1 Origin
Heleius was born in Pisa, Eleia, in 1295 BC.
His father was Pelops, son of Tantalus. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
< Hippasus, son of Pelops >
1 Origin
Hippasus was born in Pisa, Eleia, in 1296 BC.
His father was Pelops, son of Tantalus. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
< Hippalcimus, son of Pelops >
1 Origin
Hippalcimus (or Hippalcus) was born in Pisa, Eleia, in 1298 BC.
Hippalcimus' father was Pelops, son of Tantalus. [Hyginus.14, 84]
2 Others
Hippalcimus appears in the story of the expedition of the Argonauts. [Hyginus.14]
< Hyperion, son of Agamemnon >
1 Origin
Hyperion was born in Mycenae, Argolis, in 1200 BC.
Hyperion's father was Agamemnon, son of Pleisthenes. [Paus.1.43.3]
2 Others
In 1173 BC, the Dorians led by Cleodaeus invaded Peloponnesus and destroyed Mycenae.
Hyperion fled to Megara, where his sister Iphigenia, who had married Ajax's son Philaeus, lived.
Hyperion became the last king of Megara. [Paus.1.43.3]
Hyperion was killed by Sandion for being tyrannical. [Paus.1.43.3]
< Halaesus, son of Agamemnon >
1 Origin
Halaesus was born in Mycenae, Argolis, in 1212 BC.
Halaesus' father was Agamemnon, son of Pleisthenes. [Ovid.Fasti.4.76, Virg.Aene.10.411]
2 Others
In 1190 BC, Halaesus migrated to Falerii in the central part of the Italian peninsula. [Ovid.Fasti.4.63, Strabo.5.2.9]
In 1345 BC, Danae, the mother of Perseus, the founder of Mycenae, migrated to the Italian peninsula and founded Ardea, about 30 km southeast of Rome. [Pliny.3.56, Virg.Aene.7.409]
The area around Falerii was ruled by the Rutulians, whose base was Ardea in Latium. Their king, Turnus, was a descendant of Danae. [Virg.Aene.7.372]
The Rutulians probably invited Halaesus to gain an ally against the surrounding hostile forces.
In 1182 BC, a battle broke out between Aeneas and the Rutulians, and Halaesus sided with the Rutulians and was killed by Pallas, son of Evander. [Virg.Aene.10.411]
After the death of Halaesus, the Mycenaeans who lived in Falerii probably returned to Mycenae. Recent archaeological excavations have unearthed artefacts indicating links between Mycenae and Italy in the 12th century BC.
< Hyperetus, son of Lycaon >
1 Origin
Hyperetus was born in Aegialeia (later Sicyon) in 1720 BC.
Hyperetus' father was Lycaon, son of Aegialeus (or Aezeius). [StephByz.Y650.17]
2 Others
Hyperetus founded Hyperesia (later Aegeira) in Achaia. [StephByz.Y650.17]
Selinus, father of Helice, wife of Ion, son of Xuthus, is thought to be a descendant of Hyperetus. [Paus.7.1.3]
< Hyamus, son of Lycorus >
1 Origin
Hyamus was born in 1755 BC in Lycoreia near the top of Mount Parnassus.
Hyamus' father was Lycorus (or Lycoreus). [Paus.10.6.3]
2 Family
Hyamus had a daughter, Celaeno. [Paus.10.6.3]
< Hippodamia, daughter of Danaus >
1 Origin
Hippodamia was born in Chemmis, Egypt in 1450 BC.
Hippodamia's father was Danaus, son of Belus. [Cleme.Reco.10.21]
2 Family
Hippodamia had a daughter who became the wife of Olenus. [Cleme.Reco.10.21]
3 Others
In 1430 BC, Hippodamia emigrated from Egypt to Argos with her father Danaus. [Paus.2.16.1]
< Helice, daughter of Danaus >
1 Origin
Helice was born in Chemmis, Egypt in 1446 BC.
Helice's father was Danaus, son of Belus. [Parian.Marble.9]
2 Others
In 1430 BC, Helice migrated from Egypt to Argos with her father Danaus. [Paus.2.16.1]
Helice founded the temple of Athena when she stopped in Rhodes on the way. [Parian.Marble.9]
< Hypermnestra, daughter of Danaus >
1 Origin
Hypermnestra was born in Chemmis, Egypt in 1449 BC.
Hypermnestra's father was Danaus, son of Belus. [Apo.2.1.5]
Hypermnestra's mother was Elephantis. [Apo.2.1.5]
2 Family
Hypermnestra married Lynceus, son of Aegyptus (or Sesostris). [Apo.2.2.1]
Hypermnestra and Lynceus had a son, Abas (or Triopas). [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.16.2, MalaChro.4.68]
3 Others
Hypermnestra was the eldest daughter. [Apo.2.2.1]
In 1430 BC, Hypermnestra emigrated from Egypt to Argos with her father Danaus. [Paus.2.16.1]
< Hyettus, son of Bias >
1 Origin
1295 BC, Hyettus was born in Pylus, Eleia.
2 Others
2.1 Emigration to Argos
1290 BC, Hyettus was accompanied by his father to emigrate to Argos. [Paus.2.18.4]
2.2 Emigration to Boeotia
1275 BC, Hyettus killed Molurus, son of Arisbas, and emigrated from Argos to Boeotia. [Paus.9.36.6]
Hyettus was given land by Orchomenus, son of Minyas, and founded Hyettus on the north side of Lake Copais. [Paus.9.36.6]
2.3 Father of Hyettus
Due to the chronology, it is difficult to say that Arisbas, the father of Molurus, was the son of Bias or Melampus, and he is thought to have been the son of Megapenthes, the son of Proetus, who lived in Argos before them.
Orchomenus, the son of Minyas, who gave the land to Hyettus, was an Aeolis.
Hyettus is therefore presumed to be the son of Bias, the son of Amythaon, who belonged to Aeolis.
2.4 Mother of Hyettus
Bias had two wives, Pero, the daughter of Neleus, and Lysippe, the daughter of Megapenthes. [Apo.1.9.13, Apo.2.2.2, Apollo.1.118]
If Pero was the mother of Hyettus, Hyettus would have emigrated to Boeotia after the death of Orchomenus, the son of Minyas.
Therefore, it is assumed that Hyettus' mother was Lysippe, the daughter of Megapenthes, who was older than Pero.
In that case, Hyettus and Molurus, whom he killed, would be cousins, with Megapenthes as their common grandfather.
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